The Lewis structure of malonic acid
Malonic acid, the chemical expression is\ (C_ {3} H_ {4} O_ {4}\). Its Lewis structure reflects the connection of atoms and the distribution of valence electrons in the molecule.

From the atomic composition, malonic acid molecules contain three carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms. When constructing the Lewis structure, it is necessary to arrange according to the number of valence electrons of each atom. Carbon (C) atoms have 4 valence electrons, hydrogen (H) atoms have 1 valence electron, and oxygen (O) atoms have 6 valence electrons.

First determine the central atom. Generally speaking, the atom with less electronegativity will be in the central position. In malonic acid, the carbon atom plays this role. Two carboxyl groups (\ (-COOH\)) are respectively connected to the middle carbon atom.

For the carboxyl structure, the carbon atom is connected to an oxygen atom by a double bond, and the oxygen atom satisfies the 8-electron stable structure. At the same time, the carbon atom is also connected to another oxygen atom by a single bond. This single bond oxygen atom has a negative charge (because it forms a\ (O-H\) bond with the hydrogen atom, the oxygen atom has a strong ability to attract electrons, so that the hydrogen atom's electrons are biased towards oxygen), while the hydrogen atom is connected to the oxygen atom by a shared electron

The middle carbon atom is also connected to the other two carbon atoms to form a carbon chain skeleton. The hydrogen atoms are connected to the carbon atoms on both sides. This arrangement allows each atom in the malonic acid molecule to satisfy the stable electronic structure as much as possible. The hydrogen atom reaches the 2-electron stable structure, and the carbon and oxygen atoms reach the 8-electron stable structure.

The Lewis structure of malonic acid accurately presents the chemical bonds and electron distribution between the atoms in the molecule, which is of crucial significance for in-depth understanding of the chemical properties, reactivity and intermolecular interactions of malonic acid.